Rails Omniauth with custom OAuth2 raises csrf_detected when not signed in

 The error "csrf_detected" in the context of an OAuth2 authentication flow with OmniAuth in a Ruby on Rails application typically indicates a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) protection issue. This error often occurs when the user is not signed in, and a CSRF token is not available for the OAuth2 callback request. Here are steps to address this issue:


1. **Use CSRF Middleware**: Ensure that the CSRF protection middleware is correctly configured in your Rails application. This middleware generates and validates authenticity tokens to protect against CSRF attacks. Make sure that it is included in your `application.rb` or `application_controller.rb`:


   ```ruby

   protect_from_forgery with: :exception

   ```


   This line should be present by default in your `application_controller.rb`. If it's not there, add it.


2. **Authentication Before Callback**: Ensure that the user is authenticated before reaching the OAuth2 callback. The CSRF token is typically generated as part of the user session. If the user is not authenticated, the token might not be available.


   You can add a `before_action` filter to ensure authentication before the callback:


   ```ruby

   before_action :authenticate_user!, only: [:oauth_callback]

   ```


   Replace `:oauth_callback` with the actual name of your OAuth2 callback method.


3. **Check Redirect URIs**: Make sure that the redirect URIs configured in your OAuth2 provider match the ones in your Rails application. Mismatched URIs can lead to CSRF issues.


4. **Test Environment**: In some cases, CSRF errors might not appear in a test environment. Make sure to thoroughly test the authentication flow in your development or production environment where CSRF protection is enabled.


5. **Session Configuration**: If you are using a custom OAuth2 strategy in OmniAuth, ensure that the session is correctly configured. Make sure that you are using the default `:session` option for session storage. For example:


   ```ruby

   OmniAuth.config.full_host = "https://yourapp.com"

   OmniAuth.config.on_failure = Proc.new { |env|

     OmniAuth::FailureEndpoint.new(env).redirect_to_failure

   }


   Rails.application.config.middleware.use OmniAuth::Strategies::YourCustomOAuth2Provider

   ```


6. **OAuth2 Strategy Configuration**: Check the configuration of your custom OAuth2 strategy. Ensure that the `client_id`, `client_secret`, `authorize_url`, `token_url`, and other OAuth2 settings are correct.


7. **OAuth2 Provider**: Verify the OAuth2 provider's settings. Ensure that the client ID and secret match your Rails application and that the OAuth2 provider is set up to communicate securely.


8. **OAuth2 Callback Route**: Ensure that the route for the OAuth2 callback is correctly defined in your `config/routes.rb` file. The callback route should match the one registered with your OAuth2 provider.


9. **Testing in Incognito Mode**: Sometimes, browser cookies and sessions can interfere with testing. Try testing in an incognito or private browsing window to ensure there are no conflicting sessions.


By following these steps, you should be able to diagnose and resolve the "csrf_detected" error when using OmniAuth with custom OAuth2 in your Rails application.

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