Debian 12 UEFI boot option erased after upgrading

 If your UEFI boot option was erased after upgrading Debian to version 12, it can be due to various reasons, but it's typically related to changes in the bootloader configuration or issues with the UEFI firmware. Here are some steps to address the problem:


1. **Check UEFI Firmware Settings:**

   First, access your computer's UEFI/BIOS settings and see if the UEFI boot option for Debian is still available. Ensure that your UEFI firmware is detecting the hard drive or storage device where Debian is installed.


2. **Boot Repair:** You can use a tool like "Boot Repair" to fix UEFI boot issues. You may need to boot from a live Debian USB or CD and install Boot Repair. It can help identify and repair UEFI boot problems.


   To install Boot Repair, open a terminal and run:


   ```bash

   sudo apt update

   sudo apt install boot-repair

   ```


   After installing, run Boot Repair and follow the on-screen instructions to repair your UEFI boot settings.


3. **Check Grub Configuration:**

   If you have upgraded Debian, there might have been changes to the bootloader (usually GRUB). Ensure that the GRUB configuration is correct. You can check the `/etc/default/grub` and `/etc/grub.d/` files for any misconfigurations. After making changes, update GRUB with:


   ```bash

   sudo update-grub

   ```


4. **EFI Partition Check:**

   Verify the EFI partition on your system to ensure it is intact. You can mount the EFI partition and check if the bootloader files are present. The EFI partition is typically mounted at `/boot/efi`:


   ```bash

   sudo mount /dev/sdX /boot/efi

   ```


   Replace `/dev/sdX` with the correct EFI partition. Verify the presence of GRUB files in this directory.


5. **Recreate Boot Entries:**

   If the UEFI boot entry is missing, you may need to recreate it. To do this, you can use the `efibootmgr` command. First, list the available boot entries:


   ```bash

   sudo efibootmgr

   ```


   Then, recreate the Debian entry (assuming it's entry 0000):


   ```bash

   sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sdX -p Y -L "Debian" -l '\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi'

   ```


   Replace `/dev/sdX` with the correct EFI disk and `Y` with the EFI partition number. Make sure the path to GRUB's EFI binary is correct.


6. **Secure Boot:** If your system uses Secure Boot, ensure that Debian's bootloader is signed with a key that is trusted by your UEFI firmware. If not, you may need to disable Secure Boot or enroll a new key.


7. **Backup:** Before making significant changes, it's always a good practice to back up your important data and the existing EFI partition.


If these steps do not resolve the issue, it's possible that there were specific issues with the Debian 12 upgrade that affected the bootloader. In that case, you may need to seek assistance from the Debian community or support channels for Debian-specific solutions.

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